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PBIO 250 Lecture Notes
James L. Reveal
Norton-Brown Herbarium, University of Maryland
Takhtajan System of Angiosperm Classification
8. Rosidae Takht. (1967)
1. Saxifraganae Reveal (1994)
Podostemanae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
1. Cunoniales Hutch. (1924)
1. Cunoniaceae R. Br. (1814)
Baueraceae Lindl. (1830)
Belangeraceae J. Agardh (1858)
Callicomaceae J. Agardh (1858)
2. Davidsoniaceae Bange (1952)
3. Eucryphiaceae Endl. (1841)
4. Brunelliaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1897)
2. Saxifragales Dumort. (1829)
Crassulales Lindl. (1833)
Grossulariales Lindl. (1833)
Sedales Rchb.f. (1828)
1. Tetracarpaeaceae Nakai (1943)
2. Penthoraceae Rydb. ex Britt., nom. cons. (1901)
3. Crassulaceae DC., nom. cons. (1805)
Cotyledonaceae Martinov (1820)
Rhodiolaceae Martinov (1820)
Sedaceae Adans. (1763)
Sempervivaceae Durande (1782)
Tillaeaceae Martinov (1820)
4. Saxifragaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Pectiantiaceae Raf. (1837)
5. Grossulariaceae DC., nom. cons. (1805)
Ribesiaceae Marq. (1820)
6. Pterostemonaceae Small, nom. cons. (1905)
7. Iteaceae J. Agardh, nom. cons. (1858)
8. Eremosynaceae Dandy (1959)
9. Vahliaceae Dandy (1959)
3. Cephalotales Nakai (1943)
1. Cephalotaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
4. Greyiales Takht. (1997)
1. Greyiaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1926)
5. Francoales Takht. (1996)
1. Francoaceae A. Juss., nom. cons. (1832)
6. Haloragales Bromhead (1838)
1. Haloragaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
Cercodiaceae Juss. (1817)
Myriophyllaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
7. Podostemales Lindl. (1833)
Marathrales Dumort. (1829)
1. Podostemaceae Rich. ex C. Agardh, nom. cons. (1822)
Marathraceae Dumort. (1829)
Philocrenaceae Bongard (1834)
Tristichaceae Willis (1915)
8. Gunnerales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
1. Gunneraceae Meisn., nom. cons. (1842)
2. Rosanae Takht. (1967)
1. Rosales Perleb (1826)
Sanguisorbales Dumort. (1829)
1. Rosaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Agrimoniaceae Gray (1821)
Alchemillaceae Martinov (1820)
Amygdalaceae (Juss.) D. Don, nom. cons. (1825)
Cercocarpaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Coleogynaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Cydoniaceae Schnizl. (1858)
Dryadaceae Gray (1821)
Fragariaceae Nestl. (1816)
Hirtellaceae Horan. (1847)
Lindleyaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Malaceae Small ex Britt., nom. cons. (1903)
Mespilaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
Neilliaceae Miq. (1855)
Potentillaceae (Juss.) Wilbr. (1824)
Poteriaceae Raf. (1815)
Prunaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
Pyraceae Vest (1818)
Quillajaceae D. Don (1831)
Rhodotypaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Sanguisorbaceae Durande (1782)
Sorbaceae Brenner (1886)
Spiraeaceae Bertuch (1801)
Tormentillaceae Martinov (1820)
Ulmariaceae Gray (1821)
2. Neuradaceae Link, nom. cons. (1831)
Grielaceae Martinov (1820)
2. Crossosomatales Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
1. Crossosomataceae Engl., nom. cons. (1897)
3. Chrysobalanales Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
1. Chrysobalanaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1818)
Licaniaceae Martinov (1820)
3. Rhizophoranae Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
1. Anisophylleales Takht. (1997)
1. Anisophylleaceae Ridl. (1922)
Cassipoureaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Legnotidaceae Endl., nom. illeg. (1841)
Macarisiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Mangiaceae Raf. (1837)
Polygonanthaceae Croizat (1943)
2. Rhizophorales Tiegh. ex Reveal (1993)
1. Rhizophoraceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
4. Myrtanae Takht. (1967)
1. Myrtales Rchb.f. (1828)
Combretales Baskerville (1839)
Lythrales Caruel (1881)
Melastomales Oliv. (1895)
Oenotherales Bromhead (1838)
Onagrales Rchb.f. (1828)
Penaeales Lindl. (1833)
1. Alzateaceae SA. Graham (1985)
2. Rhynchocalycaceae L.A.S. Johnson & B.G. Briggs (1985)
3. Penaeaceae Sweet ex Guill., nom. cons. (1828)
4. Oliniaceae Harv. & Sond., nom. cons. (1862)
5. Combretaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
Bucidaceae Spreng. (1825)
Myrobalanaceae Martinov (1820)
Sheadendraceae Bertol. (1850)
Terminaliaceae J. St.-Hil. (1805)
6. Crypteroniaceae A. DC., nom. cons. (1868)
Henslowiaceae Lindl. (1835)
7. Memecylaceae DC. ex Schltdl. (1827)
Mouririaceae Gardner (1840)
8. Melastomataceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Blakeaceae Rchb. ex Barnh. (1895)
Miconiaceae K. Koch (1857)
Rhexiaceae Dumort. (1822)
9. Lythraceae J. St.-Hil., nom. cons. (1805)
Ammanniaceae Horan. (1834)
Lagerstroemiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Lawsoniaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Salicariaceae Adans., nom. illeg. (1763)
10. Punicaceae Horan., nom. cons. (1834)
11. Duabangaceae Takht. (1986)
12. Sonneratiaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
Blattiaceae Nied. (1892)
13. Onagraceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Circaeaceae Ruthe (1827)
Epilobiaceae Vent. (1799)
Fuchsiaceae (DC.) Lilja (1870)
Isnardiaceae Martinov (1820)
Jussiaeaceae Martinov (1820)
Lopeziaceae (Spach) Lilja (1870)
Oenotheraceae C.C. Robin (1807)
14. Trapaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
15. Psiloxylaceae Croizat (1960)
16. Heteropyxidaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1920)
17. Myrtaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Chamelauciaceae (DC.) Rudolphi (1830)
Kaniaceae Nakai (1943)
Leptospermaceae (Bercht. & J. Presl) Rudolphi (1830)
Melaleucaceae Vest (1818)
Myrrhiniaceae Arn. (1839)
5. Fabanae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1993)
1. Fabales Bromhead (1838)
Cassiales Horan. (1847)
1. Fabaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1836)
Aspalathaceae Martinov (1820)
Astragalaceae Martinov (1820)
Bauhiniaceae Martinov (1820)
Caesalpiniaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
Cassiaceae Vest (1818)
Ceratoniaceae Link (1831)
Ciceraceae Steele (1847)
Coronillaceae Martinov (1820)
Detariaceae (DC.) J. Hess (1832)
Galedupaceae Martinov (1820)
Hedysaraceae Oken (1826)
Inocarpaceae Zoll. (1854-1855)
Lathyraceae Burnett (1835)
Leguminosae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)
Lotaceae Oken (1826)
Mimosaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
Papilionaceae Giseke, nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1792)
Phaseolaceae Schnizl. (1843-1870)
Robiniaceae Vest (1818)
Swartzieae (DC.) Bartl. (1830)
Tamarindaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
Viciaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
6. Rutanae Takht. (1967)
1. Sapindales Dumort. (1829)
Acerales Lindl. (1833)
Aesculales Bromhead (1838)
1. Staphyleaceae (DC.) Lindl., nom. cons. (1829)
Ochranthaceae Endl. (1841)
2. Tapisciaceae (Pax) Takht. (1987)
3. Melianthaceae Link, nom. cons. (1831)
4. Sapindaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Allophylaceae Martinov (1820)
Dodonaeaceae Link, nom. cons. (1831)
Koelreuteriaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Ornithropaceae Martinov (1820)
Paulliniaceae Durande (1782)
5. Hippocastanaceae DC., nom. cons. (1824)
Aesculaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
Paviaceae Horan. (1834)
6. Aceraceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
7. Bretschneideraceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
8. Akaniaceae Stapf, nom. cons. (1912)
2. Tropaeolales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
1. Tropaeolaceae Juss. ex DC., nom. cons. (1824)
Cardamindaceae Link, nom. illeg. (1831)
3. Sabiales Takht. (1997)
1. Sabiaceae Blume, nom. cons. (1851)
2. Meliosmaceae Endl. (1841)
Millingtoniaceae Wight & Arn., nom. illeg. (1834)
Wellingtoniaceae Meisn. (1840)
4. Connarales Takht. ex Reveal (1996)
1. Connaraceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1818)
Cnestiaceae (Raf.) Raf. (1830)
5. Rutales Perleb (1826)
Citrales Dumort. (1829)
Meliales Lindl. (1833)
1. Rutaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Amyridaceae Kunth (1824)
Aurantiaceae Durande (1782)
Boroniaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Citraceae Roussel (1806)
Cuspariaceae (DC.) Tratt., nom. illeg. (1825)
Dictamnaceae Vest (1818)
Diosmaceae R. Br. ex Bartl. (1830)
Diplolaenaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Flindersiaceae (Engl.) C.T. White ex Airy Shaw (1965)
Fraxinellaceae Nees & Mart. (1823)
Jamboliferaceae Martinov (1820)
Monieraceae Raf., nom. illeg. (1838)
Pilocarpaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Pteleaceae Kunth (1824)
Spatheliaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Zanthoxylaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
2. Rhabdodendraceae (Huber) Prance (1968)
3. Cneoraceae Link, nom. cons. (1831)
Chamaeleaceae Bertol., nom. illeg. (1834)
4. Simaroubaceae DC., nom. cons. (1811)
Ailanthaceae (Arn.) J. Agardh (1858)
Castelaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Picramniaceae (Engler) Fernando & Quinn (1995)
Quassiaceae Bertol. (1827)
Simabaceae Horan. (1847)
Soulameaceae Endl. (1841)
5. Surianaceae Arn. (1834)
Stylobasiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
6. Irvingiaceae (Engl.) Exell & Mendonça, nom. cons. (1951)
7. Kirkiaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1967)
8. Ptaeroxylaceae J.-F. Leroy (1960)
9. Tepuianthaceae Maguire & Steyerm. (1981)
10. Meliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Aitoniaceae (Harv.) R.A. Dyer, nom. inadmiss. (1975)
Cedrelaceae R. Br. (1814)
Swieteniaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
6. Leitneriales Engl. (1897)
1. Leitneriaceae Benth. & Hook.f. (1880)
7. Coriariales Lindl. (1833)
1. Coriariaceae DC., nom. cons. (1824)
8. Burserales Baskerville (1839)
Julianiales Engl. (1907)
1. Burseraceae Kunth, nom. cons. (1824)
Balsameaceae Dumort. (1829)
2. Anacardiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1830)
Blepharocaryaceae Airy Shaw (1965)
Cassuviaceae Juss. ex R. Br., nom. illeg. (1818)
Comocladiaceae Martinov (1820)
Julianiaceae Hemsl., nom. cons. (1906)
Pistaciaceae Adans. (1763)
Rhoaceae Spreng. ex Sadler (1826)
Schinaceae Raf. (1837)
Spondiadaceae Martinov (1820)
Sumachieae (DC.) Perleb, nom. illeg. (1838)
Terebinthaceae Durande, nom. illeg. (1782)
Vernicaceae Link (1831)
3. Podoaceae Baill. ex Franch. (1889)
7. Geranianae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
1. Linales Baskerville (1839)
1. Hugoniaceae Arn. (1834)
2. Linaceae DC. ex Gray (1821)
3. Ctenolophonaceae (H. Winkl.) Exell & Mendonça (1951)
4. Ixonanthaceae (Benth.) Exell & Mendonça, nom. cons. (1951)
5. Humiriaceae A. Juss., nom. cons. (1829)
6. Erythroxylaceae Kunth, nom. cons. (1822)
Nectaropetalaceae (H. Winkl.) Exell & Mendonça (1951)
2. Oxalidales Heintze (1927)
1. Oxalidaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1818)
Averrhoaceae Hutch. (1959)
Oxydacae Rupr., nom. inadmiss. (1860)
2. Lepidobotryaceae J. Léonard, nom. cons. (1950)
3. Geraniales Dumort. (1829)
1. Hypseocharitaceae Wedd. (1861)
2. Vivianiaceae Klotzsch (1836)
3. Geraniaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Erodiaceae Horan. (1847)
4. Ledocarpaceae Meyen (1834)
5. Rhynchothecaceae Endl. (1841)
4. Biebersteiniales Takht. (1997)
1. Biebersteiniaceae Endl. (1841)
5. Balsaminales Lindl. (1833)
1. Balsaminaceae A. Rich., nom. cons. (1822)
Hydroceraceae Blume, nom. inadmiss. (1825)
Impatientaceae Barnh. (1895)
6. Zygophyllales Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
1. Zygophyllaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
Tribulaceae Trautv. (1853)
2. Peganaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1987)
3. Balanitaceae Endl. (1841)
4. Nitrariaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
5. Tetradiclidaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1986)
7. Vochysiales Dumort. (1829)
Malpighiales Mart. (1835)
1. Malpighiaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
2. Trigoniaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1841)
3. Vochysiaceae A. St.-Hil., nom. cons. (1820)
Euphroniaceae Marc.-Berti (1989)
4. Tremandraceae R. Br. ex DC., nom. cons. (1824)
Tetrathecaceae R. Br. (1814)
5. Krameriaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
8. Polygalales Dumort. (1829)
1. Polygalaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
Diclidantheraceae J. Agardh, nom. cons. (1858)
Moutabeaceae Endl. (1841)
2. Xanthophyllaceae (Chodat) Gagnep. ex Reveal & Hoogland (1990)
3. Emblingiaceae (Pax) Airy Shaw (1965)
8. Corynocarpanae Takht. (1997)
1. Corynocarpales Takht. (1997)
1. Corynocarpaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1897)
9. Celastranae Takht. (1967)
1. Brexiales Lindl. (1833)
1. Ixerbaceae Griseb. (1854)
2. Brexiaceae Loud. (1830)
3. Rousseaceae DC. (1839)
2. Parnassiales Nakai (1943)
1. Parnassiaceae Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
2. Lepuropetalaceae (Engl.) Nakai (1943)
3. Celastrales Baskerville (1839)
1. Goupiaceae Miers (1862)
2. Celastraceae R. Br. (1814)
Canotiaceae Airy Shaw (1965)
Chingithamnaceae Hand.-Mazz. (1932)
Euonymaceae Juss. ex Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
Hippocrateaceae Juss. (1811)
Salaciaceae Raf. (1838)
Siphonodontaceae (Croizat) Gagnep. & Tardieu ex Tardieu,
nom. cons. (1951)
3. Lophopyxidaceae (Engl.) H. Pfeif. (1951)
4. Stackhousiaceae R. Br. (1814)
4. Salvadorales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1993)
1. Salvadoraceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1836)
Azimaceae Wight & Gardner (1845)
5. Icacinales Tiegh. ex Reveal (1993)
Aquifoliales Senft (1856)
1. Aquifoliaceae Bartl., nom. cons. (1830)
Ilicaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
2. Phellinaceae (Loes.) Takht. (1967)
3. Icacinaceae (Benth.) Miers, nom. cons. (1851)
Pennantiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Phytocrenaceae Arn. ex R. Br. (1852)
4. Sphenostemonaceae P. Royen & Airy Shaw (1972)
6. Metteniusales Takht. (1997)
1. Metteniusaceae H. Karst. ex Schnizl. (1843-1870)
7. Cardiopteridaceae Tahkt. (1997)
Peripterygiaceae F N. Williams (1905)
1. Cardiopteridaceae Blume, nom. cons. (1847)
10. Santalanae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
1. Medusandrales Brenan (1952)
1. Medusandraceae Brenan, nom. cons. (1952)
2. Santalales Dumort. (1829)
Anthobolales Dumort. (1829)
Loranthales Dumort. (1829)
Olacales Benth. (1862)
1. Olacaceae Mirb. ex DC., nom. cons. (1824)
Erythropalaceae (Hassk.) Sleumer, nom. cons. (1942)
Schoepfiaceae Blume (1850)
Tetrastylidiaceae Calest. (1905)
Ximeniaceae Martinet (1873)
2. Opiliaceae (Benth.) Valeton, nom. cons. (1886)
Cansjeraceae J. Agardh (1858)
3. Aptandraceae Miers (1853)
4. Octoknemaceae Tiegh. ex Engl., nom. cons. (1909)
5. Santalaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
Anthobolaceae Dumort. (1829)
Canopodaceae C. Presl (1851)
Exocarpaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Osyridaceae Raf. (1820)
Thesiaceae Vest (1818)
6. Misodendraceae J. Agardh (1858)
7. Loranthaceae Juss. (1808)
Elytranthaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
Gaiadendraceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
Nuytsiaceae Tiegh. (1896)
Psittacanthaceae Nakai (1952)
8. Viscaceae Batsch (1802)
Arceuthobiaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
Bifariaceae Nakai (1952)
Dendrophthoaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
Ginalloaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
Phoradendraceae H. Karsten (1860)
9. Eremolepidaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
Lepidocerataceae Nakai (1952)
11. Rhamnanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
1. Rhamnales Dumort. (1829)
Frangulales Wirtg. (1860)
1. Rhamnaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Frangulaceae DC. (1805)
Gouaniaceae Raf. (1837)
Phylicaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Ziziphaceae Adans. (1763)
2. Elaeagnales Bromhead (1838)
1. Elaeagnaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Hippophaeaceae G. Mey. (1836)
12. Proteanae Takht. (1967)
1. Proteales Dumort. (1829)
1. Proteaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Lepidocarpaceae Schultz Sch., nom. illeg. (1832)
13. Vitanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
1. Vitales Reveal (1996)
1. Vitaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Ampelopsidaceae Kostel. (1835)
Cissaceae Drejer (1840)
Pterisanthaceae J. Agardh (1858)
2. Leeaceae (DC.) Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
9. Cornidae Frohne & U. Jensen ex Reveal (1994)
1. Cornanae Thorne ex Reveal (1996)
Eucommianae Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
1. Hydrangeales Nakai (1943)
Hortensiales Griseb. (1854)
1. Escalloniaceae R. Br. ex Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
Polyosmaceae Blume (1851)
2. Hydrangeaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
Hortensiaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
Kirengeshomaceae Nakai (1943)
Philadelphaceae Martinov (1820)
3. Abrophyllaceae Nakai (1943)
4. Argophyllaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1987)
5. Corokiaceae Kapil ex Takht. (1997)
6. Alseuosmiaceae Airy Shaw (1965)
7. Carpodetaceae Fenzl (1841)
8. Phyllonomaceae Small (1905)
Dulongiaceae J. Agardh, nom. illeg. (1858)
9. Pottingeriaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1987)
10. Tribelaceae (Engl.) Airy Shaw (1965)
11. Melanophyllaceae Takht. ex Airy Shaw (1972)
12. Montiniaceae Nakai (1943)
13. Kaliphoraceae Takht. (1996)
14. Columelliaceae D. Don, nom. cons. (1828)
2. Desfontainiales Takht. (1996)
1. Desfontainiaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1841)
3. Roridulales Nakai (1943)
1. Roridulaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
4. Cornales Dumort. (1829)
1. Davidiaceae (Harms) H.L. Li (1955)
2. Nyssaceae Juss. ex Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
3. Mastixiaceae Calest. (1905)
4. Curtisiaceae (Harms) Takht. (1987)
5. Cornaceae (Bercht. & J. Presl) Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
6. Alangiaceae DC., nom. cons. (1828)
5. Garryales Lindl. (1846)
1. Garryaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1834)
6. Aucubales Takht. (1997)
1. Aucubaceae J. Agardh (1858)
7. Griseliniales Takht. (1997)
1. Griseliniaceae J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. ex A. Cunn. (1839)
8. Eucommiales Nemejc ex Cronquist (1981)
1. Eucommiaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1909)
9. Aralidiales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
1. Aralidiaceae Philipson & B C. Stone (1980)
10. Torricelliales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
1. Torricelliaceae (Wang.) Hu (1934)
2. Aralianae Takht. (1967)
1. Helwingiales Takht. (1997)
1. Helwingiaceae Decne. (1836)
2. Araliales Reveal (1996)
Ammiales Small (1903)
Apiales Nakai (1930)
1. Araliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Botryodendraceae J. Agardh (1858)
Hederaceae Giseke (1792)
2. Hydrocotylaceae (Link) N. Hyl., nom. cons. (1945)
3. Apiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1836)
Ammiaceae J. Presl & C. Presl ex Barnh. (1895)
Angelicaceae Martinov (1820)
Bupleuraceae Martinov (1820)
Coriandraceae Burnett (1835)
Daucaceae Martinov (1820)
Eryngiaceae Raf. (1838)
Imperatoriaceae Martinov (1820)
Pastinacaceae Martinov (1820)
Saniculaceae (Burnett) A. Löve & D. Löve (1974)
Smyrniaceae Burnett (1835)
Umbelliferae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)
3. Pittosporales Lindl. (1833)
1. Pittosporaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
4. Byblidales Nakai ex Reveal (1993)
1. Byblidaceae (Engl. & Gilg) Domin, nom. cons. (1922)
3. Dipsacanae Takht. (1996)
1. Viburnales Dumort. (1829)
1. Viburnaceae Raf. (1820)
Tinaceae Martinov (1820)
2. Adoxales Nakai (1949)
1. Sambucaceae Batsch (1786)
2. Adoxaceae Trautv., nom. cons. (1853)
3. Dipsacales Dumort. (1829)
Caprifoliales Lindl. (1833)
Lonicerales T. Liebe (1866)
1. Caprifoliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Loniceraceae Vest (1818)
2. Valerianaceae Batsch, nom. cons. (1802)
3. Triplostegiaceae (Höck) Airy Shaw (1965)
4. Dipsacaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Scabiosaceae Adans. (1763)
5. Morinaceae Raf. (1820)
10. Asteridae Takht. (1967)
1. Campanulanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
1. Campanulales Rchb.f. (1828)
1. Pentaphragmataceae J. Agardh (1858)
2. Sphenocleaceae Mart. ex DC., nom. cons. (1839)
Pongatiaceae Endl. ex Meisn., nom. illeg. (1839)
3. Campanulaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Cyananthaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Jasionaceae Dumort. (1829)
4. Cyphocarpaceae (Miers) Reveal & Hoogl. (1996)
5. Nemacladaceae Nutt. (1842)
6. Cyphiaceae A. DC. (1839)
7. Lobeliaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1817)
Dortmannaceae Rupr. (1856)
2. Goodeniales Lindl. (1833)
Brunoniales Lindl. (1833)
1. Brunoniaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
2. Goodeniaceae R. Br. (1810)
Scaevolaceae Lindl. (1830)
3. Stylidiales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
1. Donatiaceae (Engl.) B. Chandler, nom. cons. (1911)
2. Stylidiaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
Candolleaceae F. Muell., nom. illeg. (1883)
4. Menyanthales T. Yamaz. ex Takht. (1997)
1. Menyanthaceae (Dumort.) Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
2. Asteranae Takht. (1967)
1. Calycerales Takht. ex Reveal (1996)
1. Calyceraceae R. Br. ex Rich., nom. cons. (1820)
Boopidaceae Cass. (1816)
2. Asterales Lindl. (1833)
Ambrosiales Dumort. (1829)
Carduales Small (1903)
1. Asteraceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1822)
Acarnaceae Link (1829)
Ambrosiaceae Link, nom. cons. (1829)
Anthemidaceae Martinov (1820)
Aposeridaceae Raf. (1838)
Arctotaceae Bessey (1914)
Artemisiaceae Martinov (1820)
Athanasiaceae Martinov (1820)
Calendulaceae Link (1829)
Carduaceae Dumort. (1822)
Centaureaceae Martinov (1820)
Cichoriaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Cnicaceae Vest (1818)
Compositae Giseke, nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1792)
Coreopsidaceae Link (1829)
Cynaraceae Durande (1782)
Echinopaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1822)
Eupatoriaceae Martinov (1820)
Gnaphaliaceae Link ex Rudolphi (1830)
Heleniaceae Raf. (1824)
Helianthaceae Dumort. (1822)
Helichrysaceae Link (1829)
Inulaceae Bessey (1914)
Lactucaceae Drude (1879)
Lampsanaceae Martinov, nom. illeg. (1820)
Matricariaceae Voigt (1845)
Mutisiaceae Burnett (1835)
Nassauviaceae Burmeist. (1837)
Partheniaceae Link (1829)
Perdiciaceae Link (1829)
Picridaceae Martinov (1820)
Santolinaceae Martinov (1820)
Senecionaceae Spenn. (1834)
Serratulaceae Martinov (1820)
Tanacetaceae Vest (1818)
Vernoniaceae Burmeist. (1837)
Xanthiaceae Vest (1818)
11. Lamiidae Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
1. Gentiananae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
1. Gentianales Lindl. (1833)
Chironiales Griseb. (1854)
Loganiales Lindl. (1833)
1. Gelsemiaceae (G. Don) Struwe & V. Albert (1995)
2. Loganiaceae R. Br. ex Mart., nom. cons. (1827)
3. Strychnaceae DC. ex Perleb (1818)
Gardneriaceae Wall. ex Perleb (1838)
4. Antoniaceae Hutch. (1959)
5. Spigeliaceae Mart. (1827)
6. Gentianaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Chironiaceae Horan. (1843)
Coutoubeaceae Martinov (1820)
Obolariaceae Martinov (1820)
Potaliaceae Mart. (1827)
7. Saccifoliaceae Maguire & Pires (1978)
8. Geniostomaceae Struwe & V. Albert (1995)
9. Plocospermataceae Hutch. (1973)
2. Rubiales Dumort. (1829)
Cinchonales Lindl. (1835)
Galiales Bromhead (1838)
Theligonales Nakai (1942)
1. Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni, nom. cons. (1948)
2. Rubiaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Aparinaceae Adans. (1763)
Asperulaceae Spenn. (1835)
Catesbaeaceae Martinov (1820)
Cephalanthaceae Raf. (1820)
Cinchonaceae Batsch (1802)
Coffeaceae Batsch (1802)
Coutareaceae Martinov (1820)
Galiaceae Lindl. (1836)
Gardeniaceae Dumort. (1829)
Guettardaceae Batsch (1802)
Hedyotidaceae Dumort. (1822)
Henriqueziaceae Bremek. (1957)
Houstoniaceae Raf. (1840)
Hydrophylacaceae Martinov (1820)
Lippayaceae Meisn. (1838)
Lygodisodeaceae Bartl. (1830)
Naucleaceae (DC.) Wernh. (1911)
Nonateliaceae Martinov (1820)
Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb (1818)
Pagamaeaceae Martinov (1820)
Psychotriaceae Rudolphi (1830)
Randicaceae Martinov (1820)
Sabiceaceae Martinov (1820)
3. Theligonaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
Cynocrambaceae Endl., nom. illeg. (1841)
4. Carlemanniaceae Airy Shaw (1965)
3. Apocynales Bromhead (1838)
Asclepiadales Dumort. (1829)
Vincales Horan. (1847)
1. Apocynaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Asclepiadaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
Cerberaceae Martinov (1820)
Cynanchaceae G. Mey. (1836)
Ophioxylaceae Mart. ex Perleb (1838)
Pacouriaceae Martinov (1820)
Periplocaceae Schltr., nom. cons. (1905)
Plumeriaceae Horan. (1834)
Stapeliaceae Horan. (1834)
Vincaceae Vest (1818)
Willughbeaceae J. Agardh (1858)
2. Solananae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
1. Solanales Dumort. (1829)
Nolanales Lindl. (1835)
1. Solanaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Atropaceae Martinov (1820)
Cestraceae Schltdl. (1833)
Daturaceae Raf. (1828)
Hyoscyamaceae Vest (1818)
Lyciaceae Raf. (1840)
Nicotianaceae Martinov (1820)
Nolanaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
Salpiglossidaceae (Benth.) Hutch. (1969)
2. Sclerophylacaceae Miers (1848)
3. Duckeodendraceae Kuhlm. (1950)
4. Goetzeaceae Miers ex Airy Shaw (1965)
2. Convolvulales Dumort. (1829)
1. Convolvulaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Cressaceae Raf. (1821)
Dichondraceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
Erycibaceae Endl. ex Meisn. (1840)
Humbertiaceae Pichon, nom. cons. (1947)
Poranaceae J. Agardh (1858)
2. Cuscutaceae (Dumort.) Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
3. Polemoniales Bromhead (1838)
1. Polemoniaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Cobaeaceae D. Don (1824)
4. Boraginales Dumort. (1829)
1. Hydrophyllaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1817)
Ellisiaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
Eutocaceae Horan. (1847)
Hydroleaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
Sagoneaceae Martinov (1820)
2. Boraginaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Anchusaceae Vest (1818)
Buglossaceae Hoffmanns. & Link (1809)
Cerinthaceae Martinov (1820)
Cordiaceae R. Br. ex Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
Echiaceae Raf. (1837)
Ehretiaceae Mart. ex Lindl., nom. cons. (1830)
Heliotropiaceae Schrad. (1819)
Onosmaceae Martinov (1820)
Sebestenaceae Vent. (1799)
Wellstediaceae (Pilg.) Novák (1943)
3. Tetrachondraceae Wettst. (1924)
4. Hoplestigmataceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
5. Lennoaceae Solms, nom. cons. (1870)
5. Limnanthales Nakai (1930)
1. Limnanthaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1833)
3. Loasanae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1996)
1. Loasales Bessey (1907)
1. Loasaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1822)
Cevalliaceae Griseb. (1854)
Gronoviaceae Endl. (1841)
4. Oleanae Takht. (1997)
1. Oleales Lindl. (1833)
Jasminales Dumort. (1829)
Ligustrales Bartl. ex Bisch. (1839)
1. Oleaceae Hoffmanns. & Link, nom. cons. (1813-1820)
Bolivariaceae Griseb. (1838)
Forestieraceae Endl. (1841)
Fraxinaceae Vest (1818)
Jasminaceae Adans. (1763)
Ligustraceae G. Mey. (1836)
Lilacaceae Vent., nom. illeg. (1799)
Nyctanthaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Schreberaceae (Wight) Schnizl. (1843-1870)
Syringaceae Horan. (1847)
5. Lamianae Takht. (1967)
1. Scrophulariales Lindl. (1833)
Acanthales Lindl. (1833)
Bignoniales Lindl. (1833)
Gesneriales Dumort. (1829)
Globulariales Dumort. (1829)
Lentibulariales Lindl. (1833)
Pinguiculales Dumort. (1829)
Plantaginales Lindl. (1833)
Rhinanthales Dumort. (1829)
1. Buddlejaceae K. Wilh. (1910)
2. Retziaceae Bartl. (1830)
3. Stilbaceae Kunth, nom. cons. (1831)
4. Scrophulariaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Aeginetiaceae Livera (1927)
Antirrhinaceae Pers. (1807)
Aragoaceae D. Don (1835)
Buchneraceae (Benth.) Lilja (1870)
Caprariaceae Martinov (1820)
Chelonaceae Martinov (1820)
Digitalidaceae Martinov (1820)
Ellisiophyllaceae Honda (1930)
Erinaceae Duvau ex Pfeiff. (1873)
Euphrasiaceae Martinov (1820)
Gratiolaceae Martinov (1820)
Hebenstretiaceae Horan. (1834)
Limosellaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Linariaceae Martinov (1820)
Melampyraceae Rich. ex Hook. & Lindl. (1821)
Orobanchaceae Vent., nom. cons. (1799)
Oxycladaceae (Miers) Schnizl. (1843-1870)
Paulowniaceae Nakai (1949)
Pedicularidaceae Juss. (1789)
Phelypaeaceae Horan. (1834)
Rhinanthaceae Vent. (1799)
Schlegeliaceae (A.H. Gentry) Reveal (1996)
Selaginaceae Choisy, nom. cons. (1823)
Sibthorpiaceae D. Don (1835)
Verbasaceae Raf. (1821)
Veronicaceae Durande (1782)
5. Oftiaceae Takht. & Reveal (1993)
Spielmanniaceae J. Agardh, nom. illeg. (1858)
6. Globulariaceae DC., nom. cons. (1805)
7. Gesneriaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1822)
Belloniaceae Martinov (1820)
Besleriaceae Raf. (1838)
Cyrtandraceae Jack (1823)
Didymocarpaceae D. Don (1822)
Ramondaceae Godr. (1850)
8. Plantaginaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Littorellaceae Gray (1821)
Psylliaceae Horan. (1834)
9. Bignoniaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Crescentiaceae Dumort. (1829)
10. Pedaliaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
Sesamaceae R. Br. ex Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
11. Martyniaceae Stapf, nom. cons. (1895)
12. Trapellaceae Honda & Sakisaka (1930)
13. Myoporaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
Bontiaceae Horan. (1834)
14. Acanthaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
Justiciaceae Raf. (1838)
Mendonciaceae Bremek. (1954)
Meyeniaceae Sreem. (1977)
Nelsoniaceae (Nees) Sreem. (1977)
Thomandersiaceae Sreem. (1977)
Thunbergiaceae (Dumort.) Lilja (1870)
15. Lentibulariaceae Rich., nom. cons. (1808)
Pinguiculaceae Dumort. (1829)
Utriculariaceae Hoffmanns. & Link, nom. cons
(1813-1820)
2. Lamiales Bromhead (1838)
Verbenales Horan. (1847)
1. Verbenaceae J. St.-Hil., nom. cons. (1805)
Durantaceae J. Agardh (1858)
Lantanaceae Martinov (1820)
Petreaceae J. Agardh (1858)
2. Phrymaceae Schauer, nom. cons. (1847)
3. Cyclocheilaceae Marais (1981)
4. Symphoremataceae (Meisn.) Mold. ex Reveal & Hoogland (1991)
5. Avicenniaceae Endl. (1841)
6. Viticaceae Juss. (1789)
7. Lamiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1836)
Aegiphilaceae Raf. (1838)
Chloanthaceae Hutch. (1959)
Glechomaceae Martinov (1820)
Labiatae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)
Melittidaceae Martinov (1820)
Menthaceae Burnett (1835)
Nepetaceae Horan. (1834)
Nesogenaceae Marais (1981)
Salazariaceae F.A. Barkley (1975)
Salviaceae Raf. (1837)
Scutellaraceae Caruel (1894)
Siphonanthaceae Raf. (1838)
3. Callitrichales Dumort. (1829)
1. Callitrichaceae Link, nom. cons. (1821)
Stellariaceae MacMill., nom. illeg. (1892)
4. Hydrostachyales Diels ex Reveal (1993)
1. Hydrostachyaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1898)
5. Hippuridales Pulle ex Reveal (1996)
1. Hippuridaceae Link, nom. cons. (1821)
Magnoliidae through Dilleniidae or Liliidae through Aridae
Next Series of Lecture Notes:
Cronquist System of Angiosperm Classification
Dahlgren System of Angiosperm Classification
Lecture Schedule
