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Original URL of this page: http://www.inform.umd.edu/PBIO/pb250/takh1.html

PBIO 250 Lecture Notes

James L. Reveal

Norton-Brown Herbarium, University of Maryland


Takhtajan System of Angiosperm Classification

6. Magnoliophyta Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. ex Reveal (1996)
  1. Magnoliopsida Brongn. (1843)
                Aceropsida Endl. (1840)
                Aesculopsida Brongn. (1843)
                Aristolochiopsida Bartl. (1830)
                Asaropsida Brongn. (1843)
                Asclepidopsida Brongn. (1843)
                Asteropsida Brongn. (1843)
                Berberidopsida Brongn. (1843)
                Cactopsida Brongn. (1843)
                Campanulopsida Bartl. (1830)
                Caprifoliopsida Endl. (1838)
                Caryophyllopsida Bartl. (1825)
                Celastropsida Brongn. (1843)
                Cistopsida Bartl. (1830)
                Coffeopsida Brongn. (1843)
                Convolvulopsida Brongn. (1843)
                Crassulopsida Brongn. (1843)
                Crotonopsida Brongn. (1843)
                Cucurbitopsida Brongn. (1843)
                Daphnopsida Meisn. (1841)
                Diospyropsida Brongn. (1843)
                Ericopsida Bartl. (1830)
                Frangulopsida Endl. (1840)
                Geraniopsida Meisn. (1837)
                Hamamelidopsida Brongn. (1843)
                Hydropeltidopsida Bartl. (1830)
                Ligustropsida Bartl. ex Meisn. (1840)
                Loniceropsida Brongn. (1843)
                Loranthopsida Bartl. (1830)
                Malpighiopsida Bartl. (1830)
                Malvopsida R. Br. (1818)
                Myrsinopsida Bartl. (1830)
                Myrtopsida Bartl. (1830)
                Nelumbonopsida Endl. (1839)
                Nymphaeopsida Brongn. (1843)
                Oeotheropsida Brongn. (1843)
                Opuntiopsida Endl. (1839)
                Papaveropsida Brongn. (1843)
                Passifloropsida Brongn. (1843)
                Piperopsida Bartl. (1830)
                Plantaginopsida Meisn. (1841)
                Plumbaginopsida Endl. (1837)
                Polygalopsida Endl. (1840)
                Polygonopsida Brongn. (1843)
                Primulopsida Brongn. (1843)
                Proteopsida Bartl. (1830)
                Ranunculopsida Brongn. (1843)
                Rhamnopsida Brongn. (1843)
                Rosopsida Batsch (1788)
                Rubiopsida Bartl. (1830)
                Rutopsida A. Juss. ex Meisn. (1837)
                Salicopsida Bartl. (1830)
                Santalopsida Brongn. (1843)
                Saxifragopsida Brongn. (1843)
                Solanopsida Brongn. (1843)
                Styracopsida Bartl. (1830)
                Thymelaeopsida Endl. (1837)
                Urticopsida Bartl. (1830)
                Verbenopsida Brongn. (1843)
                Violopsida Brongn. (1843)
                Selaginopsida Brongn. (1843)
   1. Magnoliidae Novák ex Takht. (1967)
                Piperidae Reveal (1994)
    1. Magnolianae Takht. (1967)
     1. Magnoliales Bromhead (1838)
       1. Degeneriaceae I.W. Bailey & A.C. Sm., nom. cons. (1942)
       2. Himantandraceae Diels, nom. cons. (1917)
       3. Magnoliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
                Liriodendraceae F.A. Barkley (1975)
     2. Winterales A.C. Sm. ex Reveal (1993)
       1. Winteraceae R. Br. ex Lindl., nom. cons. (1830)
                Takhtajaniaceae (J.-F. Leroy) J.-F. Leroy (1980)
     3. Canellales Cronquist (1957)
       1. Canellaceae Mart., nom. cons. (1832)
                Winteranaceae Warb., nom. illeg. (1895)
     4. Illiciales Hu ex Cronquist (1981)
       1. Illiciaceae (DC.) A.C. Sm., nom. cons. (1947)
       2. Schisandraceae Blume, nom. cons. (1830)
     5. Austrobaileyales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Austrobaileyaceae (Croizat) Croizat, nom. cons. (1943)
     6. Eupomatiales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Eupomatiaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1841)
     7. Annonales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Annonaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
                Hornschuchiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
                Monodoraceae J. Agardh (1858)
     8. Myristicales Thomé (1877)
       1. Myristicaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
     9. Aristolochiales Dumort. (1829)
                Asarales Horan. (1847)
       1. Aristolochiaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
                Asaraceae Vent. (1799)
    2. Lactoridanae Takht. (1997)
     1. Lactoridales Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
       1. Lactoridaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1888)
    3. Piperanae Reveal (1994)
     1. Piperales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Saururaceae Rich. ex E. Meyer, nom. cons. (1827)
       2. Piperaceae C. Agardh, nom. cons. (1824)
       3. Peperomiaceae A.C. Sm. (1981)
    4. Lauranae Takht. (1997)
     1. Laurales Perleb (1826)
                Gyrocarpales Dumort. (1829)
                Monimiales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Amborellaceae Pichon, nom. cons. (1948)
       2. Trimeniaceae (Janet R. Perkins & Gilg) Gibbs, nom. cons  (1917)
       3. Monimiaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1809)
                Atherospermataceae R. Br. (1814)
                Hortoniaceae (Janet R. Perkins & Gilg) A.C. Sm. (1971)
                Siparunaceae (A. DC.) Schodde (1970)
       4. Gomortegaceae Reiche, nom. cons. (1896)
       5. Hernandiaceae Blume, nom. cons. (1826)
                Gyrocarpaceae Dumort. (1829)
                Illigeraceae Blume (1833)
       6. Lauraceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
                Cassythaceae Bartl. ex Lindl., nom. cons. (1833)
                Perseaceae Horan. (1834)
     2. Calycanthales Mart. (1835)
       1. Calycanthaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1819)
                Buttneriaceae Barnh., nom. illeg. (1895)
                Chimonanthaceae Perleb (1838)
       2. Idiospermaceae S.T. Blake (1972)
     3. Chloranthales A.C. Sm. ex J.-F. Leroy (1983)
       1. Chloranthaceae R. Br. ex Lindl., nom. cons. (1821)
                Hedyosmaceae Caruel (1881)
    5. Rafflesianae Thorne ex Reveal (1996)
     1. Hydnorales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Hydnoraceae C. Agardh, nom. cons. (1821)
     2. Rafflesiales Oliv. (1895)
                Cytinales Dumort. (1829)
                Mitrastemonales Makino (1911)
       1. Apodanthaceae (R. Br.) Tiegh. ex Takht. (1987)
       2. Mitrastemonaceae Makino, nom. cons. (1911)
       3. Rafflesiaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       4. Cytinaceae (Brongn.) A. Rich. (1824)
    6. Balanophoranae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Cynomoriales Burnett (1835)
       1. Cynomoriaceae (Schott & Endl.) Lindl., nom. cons. (1833)
     2. Balanophorales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Mystropetalaceae Hook.f. (1853)
       2. Dactylanthaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1987)
       3. Lophophytaceae (Schott & Endl.) Bromhead (1840)
       4. Sarcophytaceae A. Kern. (1891)
       5. Scybaliaceae A. Kern. (1891)
       6. Heloseaceae (Schott & Endl.) Bromhead (1840)
       7. Langsdorffiaceae Tiegh. ex Pilger (1914)
       8. Balanophoraceae Rich. (1822)
   2. Nymphaeidae J.W. Walker ex Takht. (1997)
    1. Nymphaeanae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Hydropeltidales Spenn. (1834)
       1. Hydropeltidaceae (DC.) Dumort. (1822)
       2. Cabombaceae A. Rich., nom. cons. (1828)
     2. Nymphaeales Dumort. (1829)
                Euryalales H.L. Li (1955)
       1. Nupharaceae A. Kern. (1891)
       2. Nymphaeaceae Salisb., nom. cons. (1805)
                Euryalaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       3. Barclayaceae (Endl.) H.L. Li (1955)
    2. Ceratophyllanae Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
      1. Ceratophyllales Bisch. (1839)
       1. Ceratophyllaceae Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
   3. Nelumbonidae Takht. (1996)
    1. Nelumbonanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
      1. Nelumbonales Nakai ex Reveal (1996)
       1. Nelumbonaceae (DC.) Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
   4. Ranunculidae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
    1. Ranunculanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Lardizabalales Loconte (1995)
       1. Lardizabalaceae Decne., nom. cons. (1839)
                Decaisneaceae (Takht. ex Quin) Loconte (1995)
       2. Sargentodoxaceae Stapf ex Hutch. (1926)
     2. Menispermales Bromhead (1838)
       1. Menispermaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
                Pseliaceae Raf. (1838)
     3. Berberidales Dumort. (1829)
                Podophyllales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Nandinaceae Horan. (1834)
       2. Berberidaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
       3. Ranzaniaceae (Kumaz. & Terabayashi) Takht. (1994)
       4. Podophyllaceae DC., nom. cons. (1821)
                Diphylleiaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
                Epimediaceae Menge (1839)
                Leonticaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
     4. Ranunculales Dumort. (1829)
                Helleborales Nakai (1949)
       1. Ranunculaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
                Actaeaceae Raf. (1828)
                Anemonaceae Vest (1818)
                Aquilegiaceae Lilja (1870)
                Calthaceae Martinov (1820)
                Cimicifugaceae (Arn.) Bromhead (1840)
                Clematidaceae Martinov (1820)
                Delphiniaceae Brenner (1886)
                Helleboraceae Vest (1818)
                Nigellaceae J. Agardh (1858)
                Thalictraceae Raf. (1815)
     5. Circaeasterales Takh. (1997)
       1. Kingdoniaceae A.S. Foster ex Airy Shaw (1965)
       2. Circaeasteraceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1926)
     6. Hydrastidales Takht. (1997)
       1. Hydrastidaceae Martinov (1820)
     7. Glaucidiales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Glaucidiaceae Tamura (1972)
     8. Paeoniales Heintze (1927)
       1. Paeoniaceae (Bercht. & J. Presl) Rudolphi, nom. cons. (1830)
     9. Papaverales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Papaveraceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
                Chelidoniaceae Martinov (1820)
                Eschscholziaceae Ser. (1847)
                Platystemonaceae (Rchb. ex Spach) Lilja (1870)
       2. Pteridophyllaceae (Murb.) Nakai ex Reveal & Hoogland (1991)
       3. Hypecoaceae (Dumort.) Willk. & Lange (1880)
       4. Fumariaceae DC., nom. cons. (1821)
                Corydalaceae Vest (1818)
   5. Caryophyllidae Takht. (1967)
    1. Caryophyllanae Takht. (1967)
     1. Caryophyllales Perleb (1826)
                Amaranthales Dumort. (1829)
                Atriplicales Horan. (1847)
                Cactales Dumort. (1829)
                Chenopodiales Dumort. (1829)
                Nyctaginales Dumort. (1829)
                Opuntiales Willk. (1854)
                Petiveriales Lindl. (1833)
                Portulacales Dumort. (1829)
                Scleranthales Dumort. (1829)
                Silenales Lindl. (1833)
                Stellariales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Phytolaccaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1818)
                Sarcocaceae Raf. (1837)
       2. Gisekiaceae (Endl.) Nakai (1942)
       3. Agdestidaceae (Heimerl) Nakai (1942)
       4. Barbeuiaceae (H. Walter) T. Nakai (1942)
       5. Achatocarpaceae Harms, nom. cons. (1934)
       6. Petiveriaceae C. Agardh (1824)
                Hilleriaceae Nakai (1942)
                Riviniaceae C. Agardh (1824)
                Seguieriaceae Nakai (1942)
       7. Nyctaginaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
                Allioniaceae Horan. (1834)
                Bougainvilleaceae J. Agardh (1858)
                Jalapaceae Adans., nom. illeg. (1763)
                Mirabilidaceae W.R.B. Oliv. (1936)
                Pisoniaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       8. Aizoaceae Rudolphi, nom. cons. (1830)
                Galeniaceae Raf. (1819)
                Mesembryaceae Dumort., nom. illeg. (1829)
                Mesembryanthemaceae Fenzl, nom. cons. (1836)
       9. Sesuviaceae Horan. (1834)
       10. Tetragoniaceae Nakai, nom. cons. (1942)
       11. Stegnospermataceae (A. Rich.) Nakai (1942)
       12. Portulacaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
                Montiaceae Raf. (1820)
       13. Hectorellaceae Philipson & Skipw. (1961)
       14. Basellaceae Moq., nom. cons. (1840)
                Anrederaceae J. Agardh (1858)
                Ullucaceae Nakai (1942)
       15. Halophytaceae A. Soriano (1984)
       16. Cactaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
                Cereaceae DC. & Spreng. (transl. W. Jameson) (1821)
                Opuntiaceae Martinov (1820)
       17. Didiereaceae Drake, nom. cons. (1903)
       18. Molluginaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1926)
                Adenogrammaceae (Fenzl) Nakai (1942)
                Glinaceae Link (1831)
                Pharnaceaceae Martinov (1820)
                Polpodaceae (Fenzl) Nakai (1942)
       19. Caryophyllaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
                Alsinaceae (Lam. & DC.) Bartl., nom. cons. (1825)
                Cerastiaceae Vest (1818)
                Corrigiolaceae (Dumort.) Dumort. (1829)
                Dianthaceae Vest (1818)
                Herniariaceae Durande (1782)
                Illecebraceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
                Lychnidaceae (Fenzl ex Endl.) Lilja (1870)
                Ortegaceae Martinov (1820)
                Paronychiaceae Juss. (1815)
                Polycarpaeaceae (DC.) Schur (1866)
                Scleranthaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
                Silenaceae (DC.) Bartl. (1825)
                Spergulaceae Adans. (1763)
                Stellariaceae Dumort. (1822)
                Telephiaceae Martinov (1820)
       20. Amaranthaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
                Achyranthaceae Raf. (1837)
                Celosiaceae Martinov (1820)
                Deeringiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
                Gomphrenaceae Raf. (1837)
       21. Chenopodiaceae Vent., nom. cons. (1799)
                Atriplicaceae Durande (1782)
                Betaceae Burnett (1835)
                Blitaceae Adans. (1763)
                Corispermaceae Link (1831)
                Dysphaniaceae (Pax) Pax, nom. cons. (1927)
                Polycnemaceae Menge (1839)
                Salicorniaceae Martinov (1820)
                Salsolaceae Menge (1839)
                Spinaciaceae Menge (1839)
    2. Gyrostemonanae Takht. (1997)
     1. Gyrostemonales Takht. (1997)
       1. Gyrostemonaceae Endl. (1841)
    3. Polygonanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Polygonales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Polygonaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
                Calligonaceae Khalk. (1985)
                Eriogonaceae (Dumort.) G. Don (1839)
                Persicariaceae Adans. (1763)
                Rumicaceae Martinov (1820)
    4. Plumbaginanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Plumbaginales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Plumbaginaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
                Aegialitidaceae Lincz. (1968)
                Armeriaceae Horan. (1834)
                Limoniaceae Ser. (1851)
                Staticaceae Cassel (1817)
   6. Hamamelididae Takht. (1967)
    1. Trochodendranae Takht. ex Reveal (1996)
     1. Trochodendrales Takht. ex Cronquist (1981)
       1. Trochodendraceae Prantl, nom. cons. (1888)
       2. Tetracentraceae A.C. Sm., nom. cons. (1945)
     2. Cercidiphyllales Hu ex Reveal (1993)
       1. Cercidiphyllaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1909)
     3. Eupteleales Hu ex Reveal (1993)
       1. Eupteleaceae K. Wilh., nom. cons. (1910)
    2. Myrothamnanae Takht. (1997)
     1. Myrothamnales Nakai ex Reveal (1993)
       1. Myrothamnaceae Nied., nom. cons. (1891)
    3. Hamamelidanae Takht. (1967)
     1. Hamamelidales Griseb. (1854)
                Platanales J.H. Schaffn. (1929)
       1. Hamamelidaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1818)
                Bucklandiaceae J. Agardh, nom. illeg. (1858)
                Disanthaceae Nakai (1943)
                Fothergillaceae Nutt. (1818)
                Parrotiaceae Horan. (1834)
                Rhodoleiaceae Nakai (1943)
       2. Altingiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1846)
       3. Platanaceae T. Lestib. ex Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
    4. Barbeyanae Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
     1. Barbeyales Takht. & Reveal (1993)
       1. Barbeyaceae Rendle, nom. cons. (1916)
    5. Daphniphyllanae Takht. (1996)
     1. Daphniphyllales Pulle ex Cronquist (1981)
       1. Daphniphyllaceae Müll.-Arg., nom. cons. (1869)
     2. Balanopales Engl. (1897)
       1. Balanopaceae Benth. & Hook.f. (1880)
    6. Buxanae Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
     1. Didymelales Takht. (1967)
       1. Didymelaceae Leandri (1937)
     2. Buxales Takht. ex Reveal (1996)
       1. Buxaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1822)
                Pachysandraceae J. Agardh (1858)
                Stylocerataceae (Pax) Takht. ex Reveal & Hoogland (1990)
     3. Simmondsiales Reveal (1992)
       1. Simmondsiaceae (Müll.-Arg.) Tiegh. ex Reveal & Hoogland (1990)
    7. Faganae Takht. (1997)
     1. Fagales Engl. (1892)
                Quercales Burnett (1835)
       1. Fagaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
                Castaneaceae Adans. (1763)
                Quercaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
       2. Nothofagaceae Kuprian. (1962)
     2. Corylales Dumort. (1829)
                Betulales Bromhead (1838)
       1. Betulaceae Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
       2. Corylaceae Mirb., nom. cons. (1815)
                Carpinaceae Vest (1818)
       3. Ticodendraceae Gómez-Laur. & L.D. Gómez (1991)
    8. Casuarinanae Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
     1. Casuarinales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Casuarinaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
    9. Juglandanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Myricales Engl. (1897)
       1. Myricaceae Blume, nom. cons. (1829)
     2. Rhoipteleales Novák ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Rhoipteleaceae Hand.-Mazz., nom. cons. (1932)
     3. Juglandales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Juglandaceae A. Rich. ex Kunth, nom. cons. (1824)
   7. Dilleniidae Takht. ex Reveal & Tahkt. (1993)
                Heliamphoraceae Chrtek, Slavíková & Studnicka (1992)
    1. Dillenianae Takht. (1967)
     1. Dilleniales Hutch. (1924)
       1. Dilleniaceae Salisb. (1807)
                Hibbertiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
                Soramiaceae Martinov (1820)
    2. Theanae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1993)
                Lecythidanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Paracryphiales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Paracryphiaceae Airy Shaw (1965)
     2. Theales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Stachyuraceae J. Agardh (1858)
       2. Theaceae D. Don, nom. cons. (1825)
                Camelliaceae DC. (1816)
                Gordoniaceae (DC.) Spreng. (1826)
                Malachodendraceae J. Agardh, nom. illeg. (1858)
                Sladeniaceae (Gilg & Werderm.) Airy Shaw (1965)
                Ternstroemiaceae Mirb. ex DC. (1816)
       3. Asteropeiaceae (Szyszyl.) Takht. ex Reveal & Hoogland (1990)
       4. Pentaphylacaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1897)
       5. Tetrameristaceae Hutch. (1959)
       6. Oncothecaceae Kobuski ex Airy Shaw (1965)
       7. Marcgraviaceae Choisy (1824)
       8. Caryocaraceae Szyszyl., nom. cons. (1893)
                Rhizobolaceae DC., nom. illeg. (1824)
       9. Pellicieraceae (Triana & Planch.) L. Beauvis. ex Bullock (1959)
     3. Hypericales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Bonnetiaceae (Bartl.) L. Beauv. ex Nakai (1948)
       2. Clusiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1836)
                Calophyllaceae J. Agardh (1858)
                Cambogiaceae Horan. (1834)
                Garciniaceae Bartl. (1830)
                Guttiferae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)
       3. Hypericaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
                Ascyraceae Plenck (1796)
     4. Physenales Takht. (1997)
       1. Physenaceae Takht. (1985)
     5. Medusagynales Takht., nom. cons. (1996)
       1. Medusagynaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
     6. Ochnales Hutch. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Strasburgeriaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
       2. Ochnaceae DC., nom. cons. (1811)
                Gomphiaceae DC. ex Schnizl. (1843-1870)
       3. Sauvagesiaceae (Ging. ex DC.) Dumort. (1829)
                Luxemburgiaceae Soler. (1908)
       4. Lophiraceae Loud. (1830)
       5. Quiinaceae Choisy ex Engl., nom. cons. (1888)
       6. Scytopetalaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1897)
                Rhaptopetalaceae Tiegh. ex Soler. (1908)
     7. Elatinales Nakai (1949)
       1. Elatinaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
                Alsinastraceae Rupr., nom. illeg. (1860)
                Cryptaceae Raf. (1820)
     8. Ancistrocladales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Ancistrocladaceae Planch. ex Walp., nom. cons. (1851)
     9. Dioncophyllales Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
       1. Dioncophyllaceae (Gilg) Airy Shaw, nom. cons. (1952)
     10. Lecythidales Cronquist (1957)
       1. Barringtoniaceae (DC. ex Schltdl.) Rudolphi, nom. cons  (1830)
       2. Lecythidaceae Poit., nom. cons. (1825)
                Gustaviaceae Burnett (1835)
       3. Napoleonaeaceae A. Rich. (1827)
                Belvisiaceae R. Br., nom. illeg. (1821)
       4. Foetidiaceae (Nied.) Airy Shaw (1965)
       5. Asteranthaceae R. Knuth, nom. cons. (1939)
    3. Sarracenianae Thorne ex Reveal (1996)
     1. Sarraceniales Bromhead (1838)
       1. Sarraceniaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
    4. Nepenthanae Takht. ex Reveal (1996)
     1. Nepenthales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Nepenthaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
     2. Droserales Griseb. (1854)
       1. Droseraceae Salisb. (1808)
                Aldrovandaceae Nakai (1949)
                Dionaeaceae Raf. (1837)
                Drosophyllaceae Chrtek, Slavíková & Studnicka (1989)
    5. Ericanae Takht. (1967)
     1. Actinidiales Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
       1. Actinidiaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1926)
                Saurauiaceae J. Agardh, nom. cons. (1858)
     2. Ericales Dumort. (1829)
                Empetrales Raf. (1838)
                Rhodorales Horan. (1847)
                Vacciniales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Clethraceae Klotzsch, nom. cons. (1851)
       2. Cyrillaceae Endl. (1841)
       3. Ericaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
                Andromedaceae (Endl.) DC. ex Schnizl. (1843-1870)
                Arbutaceae (Meisn.) Bromhead (1840)
                Arctostaphylaceae J. Agardh (1858)
                Azaleaceae Vest (1818)
                Diplarchaceae Klotzsch (1860)
                Hypopityaceae Link (1831)
                Kalmiaceae Durande (1782)
                Ledaceae Link (1821)
                Menziesiaceae Klotzsch (1851)
                Monotropaceae Nutt., nom. cons. (1818)
                Pyrolaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
                Rhododendraceae Juss. (1789)
                Rhodoraceae Vent. (1799)
                Salaxidaceae J. Agardh (1858)
                Siphonandraceae Klotzsch, nom. illeg. (1851)
                Vacciniaceae DC. ex Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
       4. Epacridaceae R. Br. (1810)
                Prionotaceae Hutch. (1969)
                Stypheliaceae Horan. (1834)
       5. Empetraceae Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
     3. Diapensiales Engl. & Gilg (1924)
       1. Diapensiaceae (Link) Lindl., nom. cons. (1836)
                Galacaceae D. Don (1828)
     4. Bruniales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Bruniaceae R. Br. ex DC., nom. cons. (1825)
                Berzeliaceae Nakai (1943)
       2. Grubbiaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1839)
                Ophiraceae Arn. (1841)
     5. Geissolomatales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Geissolomataceae Endl. (1841)
     6. Fouquieriales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Fouquieriaceae DC. (1828)
    6. Primulanae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1996)
     1. Styracales Bisch. (1839)
                Diospyrales Prantl (1874)
                Ebenales Engl. (1892)
       1. Styracaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
                Halesiaceae D. Don (1828)
       2. Symplocaceae Desf., nom. cons. (1820)
       3. Ebenaceae Gürcke, nom. cons. (1891)
                Diospyraceae Durande (1782)
                Guaiacanaceae Juss. (1789)
       4. Lissocarpaceae Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
     2. Sapotales Hook.f., nom. cons. (1868)
       1. Sapotaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
                Achradaceae Vest (1818)
                Boerlagellaceae H.J. Lam (1925)
                Bumeliaceae Barnh. (1895)
                Sarcospermataceae H.J. Lam (1925)
     3. Myrsinales Bromhead (1838)
       1. Myrsinaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
                Aegicerataceae Blume (1833)
                Ardisiaceae Juss. (1810)
                Embeliaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       2. Theophrastaceae Link (1829)
     4. Primulales Dumort. (1829)
                Samolales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Primulaceae Vent., nom. cons. (1799)
                Anagallidaceae Adans. (1763)
                Coridaceae J. Agardh (1858)
                Lysimachiaceae Durande (1782)
                Samolaceae Raf. (1820)
    7. Violanae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
                Capparanae Reveal (1994)
                Cucurbitanae Reveal (1994)
     1. Violales Perleb (1826)
                Flacourtiales Heintze (1927)
                Homaliales Bromhead (1838)
                Lacistematales Baskerville (1839)
                Samydales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Berberidopsidaceae (Veldk.) Takht. (1985)
       2. Aphloiaceae Takht. (1985)
       3. Bembiciaceae R.C. Keating & Takht. (1996)
       4. Flacourtiaceae Rich. ex DC., nom. cons. (1824)
                Blakwelliaceae T. Lestib., nom. illeg. (1826)
                Homaliaceae R. Br. (1818)
                Kiggelariaceae Link (1831)
                Pangiaceae Endl. (1841)
                Prockiaceae Bertuch (1801)
                Samydaceae Vent., nom. cons. (1808)
       5. Lacistemataceae Mart., nom. cons. (1826)
       6. Peridiscaceae Kuhlm., nom. cons. (1950)
       7. Violaceae Batsch, nom. cons. (1802)
                Alsodiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
                Ionidiaceae Mert. & W.J. Koch (1823)
                Leoniaceae A. DC. (1844)
       8. Dipentodontaceae Merr., nom. cons. (1941)
       9. Scyphostegiaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1926)
     2. Passiflorales Dumort. (1829)
                Turnerales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Passifloraceae Juss. ex Kunth, nom. cons. (1817)
                Modeccaceae Horan. (1847)
                Paropsiaceae Dumort. (1829)
                Smeathmanniaceae Mart. ex Perleb (1838)
       2. Turneriaceae Kunth ex DC., nom. cons. (1828)
                Piriquetaceae Martinov (1820)
       3. Malesherbiaceae D. Don, nom. cons. (1827)
       4. Achariaceae Harms, nom. cons. (1897)
     3. Caricales L.D. Benson (1957)
       1. Caricaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
                Papayaceae Blume, nom. illeg. (1826)
     4. Salicales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Salicaceae Mirb., nom. cons. (1815)
     5. Tamaricales Hutch. (1924)
       1. Reaurmuriaceae Ehrenb. ex Lindl. (1830)
       2. Tamaricaceae Link, nom. cons. (1821)
       3. Frankeniaceae A. St.-Hil. ex Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
     6. Cucurbitales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Cucurbitaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
                Bryoniaceae Adans. (1763)
                Cyclantheraceae Lilja (1870)
                Nhandirobaceae T. Lestib. (1826)
                Zanoniaceae Dumort. (1829)
     7. Begoniales Dumort. (1829)
                Datiscales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Datiscaceae R. Br. ex Lindl., nom. cons. (1830)
       2. Tetramelaceae (Warb.) Airy Shaw (1965)
       3. Begoniaceae C. Agardh, nom. cons. (1824)
     8. Capparales Hutch. (1924)
                Brassicales Bromhead (1838)
                Resedales Dumort. (1829)
                Tovariales Nakai (1943)
       1. Capparaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
                Cleomaceae Horan. (1834)
                Oxystylidaceae Hutch. (1969)
       2. Pentadiplandraceae Hutch. & Dalziel (1928)
       3. Koeberliniaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1895)
       4. Brassicaceae Burnett, nom. cons. (1835)
                Cruciferae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)
                Drabaceae Martinov (1820)
                Erysimaceae Martinov (1820)
                Raphanaceae Horan. (1847)
                Schizopetalaceae A. Juss. (1848)
                Sismbriaceae Martinov (1820)
                Stanleyaceae Nutt. (1834)
                Thlaspiaceae Adans. (1763)
       5. Tovariaceae Pax, nom. cons. (1891)
       6. Resedaceae DC. ex Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
                Astrocarpaceae A. Kern. (1891)
     9. Moringales Nakai (1943)
       1. Moringaceae R. Br. ex Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
                Hyperantheraceae Link (1829)
     10. Batales Engl. (1907)
       1. Bataceae Mart. ex Meisn., nom. cons. (1842)
    8. Malvanae Takht. (1967)
     1. Cistales Rchb.f. (1828)
                Bixales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Bixaceae Link, nom. cons. (1831)
       2. Cochlospermaceae Planch. (1847)
       3. Cistaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
                Helianthemaceae G. Mey. (1836)
     2. Elaeocarpales Takht. (1997)
       1. Elaeocarpaceae Juss. ex DC., nom. cons. (1824)
                Aristoteliaceae Dumort. (1829)
     3. Malvales Dumort. (1829)
                Tiliales Caruel (1881)
       1. Tiliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
                Sparmanniaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       2. Dirachmaceae Hutch. (1959)
       3. Monotaceae (Gilg) Takht. (1987)
       4. Dipterocarpaceae Blume (1825)
       5. Sarcolaenaceae Caruel, nom. cons. (1881)
                Rhodolaenaceae Bullock (1958)
                Schizolaenaceae Barnh. (1895)
       6. Plagiopteraceae Airy Shaw (1965)
       7. Huaceae A. Chev. (1947)
       8. Sterculiaceae (DC.) Bartl., nom. cons. (1830)
                Byttneriaceae R. Br. (1814)
                Cacaoaceae Augier ex T. Post & Kuntze (1903)
                Chiranthodendraceae A. Gray (1887)
                Dombeyaceae Kunth ex Desf. (1829)
                Fremontiaceae J. Agardh, nom. illeg. (1858)
                Helicteraceae J. Agardh (1858)
                Hermanniaceae Durande (1782)
                Lasiopetalaceae Rchb. (1823)
                Melochiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
                Pentapetaceae Spreng. (1826)
                Theobromataceae J. Agardh (1858)
                Triplobaceae Raf. (1838)
       9. Diegodendraceae Capuron (1964)
       10. Sphaerosepalaceae (Warb.) Tiegh. ex Bullock (1959)
                Rhopalocarpaceae Hemsl. ex Takht. (1987)
       11. Bombacaceae Kunth, nom. cons. (1822)
       12. Malvaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
                Fugosiaceae Martinov, nom. illeg. (1820)
                Hibiscaceae J. Agardh (1858)
                Philippodendraceae Endl. (1841)
                Plagianthaceae J. Agardh (1858)
    9. Urticanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Urticales Dumort. (1829)
                Ficales Dumort. (1829)
                Ulmales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Ulmaceae Mirb., nom. cons. (1815)
                Celtidaceae Link (1831)
       2. Moraceae Link, nom. cons. (1831)
                Artocarpaceae Dumort. (1829)
                Dorsteniaceae Chev. (1827)
                Ficaceae (Bercht. & J. Presl) Dumort. (1829)
       3. Cannabaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1837)
                Lupulaceae Link (1831)
       4. Cecropiaceae C.C. Berg (1978)
       5. Urticaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
    10. Euphorbianae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Euphorbiales Lindl. (1833)
                Pandales Engl. & Gilg (1913)
       1. Euphorbiaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
                Acalyphaceae Juss. ex Menge (1839)
                Androstachyaceae Airy Shaw (1965)
                Antidesmataceae Loud. (1830)
                Aporusaceae Lindl. ex Miq. (1859)
                Bertyaceae J. Agardh (1858)
                Bischofiaceae (Müll.-Arg.) Airy Shaw (1965)
                Crotonaceae J. Agardh (1858)
                Hippomanaceae J. Agardh (1858)
                Hymenocardiaceae Airy Shaw (1965)
                Mercurialaceae Martinov (1820)
                Micrantheaceae J. Agardh (1858)
                Paivaeusaceae A. Meeuse (1990)
                Peraceae Klotzsch (1859)
                Phyllanthaceae Martinov (1820)
                Picrodendraceae Small ex Britt. & Millsp., nom. cons  (1920)
                Porantheraceae (Pax) Hurus. (1954)
                Pseudanthaceae Endl. (1839)
                Putranjivaceae Endl. (1841)
                Ricinaceae Martinov (1820)
                Ricinocarpaceae (Müll.-Arg.) Hurus. (1954)
                Scepaceae Lindl. (1836)
                Stilaginaceae C. Agardh (1824)
                Tithymalaceae Adans. (1763)
                Tragiaceae Raf. (1838)
                Trewiaceae Lindl. (1836)
                Uapacaceae (Müll.-Arg.) Airy Shaw (1965)
       2. Pandaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1813)
                Bennettiaceae R. Br. ex Schnizl., nom. illeg  (1846-1866)
       3. Aextoxicaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1920)
       4. Dichapetalaceae Baill., nom. cons. (1886)
                Chailletiaceae R. Br. (1818)
     2. Thymelaeales Willk. (1854)
                Daphnales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Gonystylaceae Gilg, nom. cons. (1897)
       2. Thymelaeaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
                Aquilariaceae R. Br. ex DC. (1825)
                Daphnaceae Vent. (1799)
                Phaleriaceae Meisn. (1841)

Rosidae through Lamidae or Liliidae through Aridae

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Cronquist System of Angiosperm Classification
Dahlgren System of Angiosperm Classification
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