1.
B
2.
C
3.
B
4.
B
5.
C
6.
B
7.
D
8.
B
9.
B
10.
C
11.
C
12.
B
13.
A
14.
E
15.
B
16.
C
17.
B
18.
C
19.
A
20.
A
Part II: (40 points; 4 sections. 10
points for each section)
1.
Glycolysis consists of the following 10 reactions:
In
the margin above, draw the structures of:
1.
fructose-1,6-bisphosphate See text pg. 148 [2 pts]
2.
pyruvate See
text pg. 149 [2 pts]
The
carbon atoms in the carboxyl groups of pyruvate came from carbon
atoms __3___
and ___4_____ in glucose. [1/2
pt each]
Aldolase
catalyzes reaction __4_____. [1 pt]
NADH
is formed in reaction(s) ___6____. [1 pt]
ATP
is consumed in reactions ____1____and____3____ and produced in reactions
___7___and____10___ . [1/2 pt each]
Which
reaction is the principal regulated step controlling the flow of
carbohydrate into the pathways of cellular
respiration? ____3______ [1 pt]
2. Citric acid cycle
Draw
the structure of the missing citric acid cycle intermediate (where the “?” is
shown). See text page 153;
alpha keto glutarate [2 pts]
NADH
is formed in reactions __3,4,8 [more than 3 subtracts ½ pt each]__ (list all of them). [1/2 pt each]
GTP
is formed in reaction(s) ____5_____.[1/2 pt each]
CO2
is released in reactions
____3___ and ___4_____.[1/2 pt each]
H2O
is taken up in reactions ___1_____ and ___7_____.[1/2 pt each]
Each
acetyl-CoA consumed in the citric acid cycle can produce ___12____
ATP
equivalents. (Include the contributions
of each acetyl-CoA breakdown to the electron transport chain and to oxidative
phosphorylation in your answer.) [2 pts]
Isocitrate
dehydrogenase is an allosteric enzyme that is activated by __ADP ; NAD+__ and inhibited by _ATP; NADH_ . [1 pt each
blank, only one necessary for each blank]
3. Oxidative phosphorylation
Write
out the overall reaction (or give the enzymatic name for the reaction)
catalyzed by the mitochondrial Complex I.
NADH
+ CoEnzyme Q + H à NAD+ + Reduced CoEnzymeQH2
Or
NADH-CoQ
Reductase
[2
pts]
Of
the 38 ATP produced during cellular respiration in a prokaryotic cell,
__34____ of these ATP are produced by oxidative
phosphorylation.
[1
pt]
Two
mobile electron carriers serve to transport electrons between Complexes I, III,
and IV. Name these two substances.
Coenzyme
Q [Ubiquinone}
Cytochrome
c
[1
pt each]
In
cellular respiration, the oxidation of a glucose molecule to 6 CO2
molecules leads to the reduction of ___10__molecules of NAD+ to
NADH.
[1
pt]
How
does electron transport provide the energy that drives oxidative
phosphorylation (in 20 words or less)?
If answer exceeds 40 words, 0 pts.
[4
pts possible]
Drives
the establishment of H+ gradient across the cristae membrane
Or
Proton
motive force
Or
Chemi-osmotic
gradient of H+
Or
Pumps
H+ across non-permeable membrane to force return through ATP synthase
4. Photosynthesis
Which
of the following processes:
B.
Photosystem
I
D.
Cytochrome
b/f complex
E.
Calvin-Benson
cycle
is
most closely associated with:
The
evolution of O2_______B___________
The
reduction of NADP+_____A_______________
The
reduction of CO2_________D______________
The
oxidation of NADPH_______D_______________
The
splitting of water____________B_____________
[2
Pts each]
Part III: Essay Questions (20
points (10 points each)).
1.
Describe, using words and diagrams, the pathway of events by which a
water-soluble hormone causes an increase in [cAMP]cytosol.
2.
Describe, using words and diagrams, the structure of the mitochondrial F1F0-ATP
synthase and the molecular mechanism by which it taps a chemi-osmotic gradient
to drive ATP synthesis.
Essay
scoring:
1.
Water-soluble
hormone ® increase in [cAMP]
G-protein
coupled receptor, GPCR - 2pts
7-TMS
protein, 7 trans-membranal alpha helical protein - 2pts
Hormone
binds with receptor - 1 pt
G
protein complex of alpha, beta, gamma subunits - 1 pt
G
protein alphaGDP subunit catalyzed by GPCR and GTP to alphaGTP and GDP - 2pts
AlphaGTP
subunit released, binds to amplifier molecule - 2pts
Amplifier
molecule = Adenylyl cyclase = 2pts
AlphaGTP/Adenylyl
cyclase complex cleaves ATP ® cAMP -2pts
Performs
ATP®cAMP cleavage multiple times - 1 pt
No
diagram - minus 4
No
words - minus 4
2.
ATP
synthase machine
Diagram
necessary - none, minus 4
Disk on top, three doubled globes below; shaft
connecting two - 3 pts by itself IF text not supportive.
Disk made of c subunits (actually ab2c9-12) - 1 pt
Globes made of alpha, beta subunits (actually
includes delta unit as well) - 1 pt
Shaft connecting consists of gamma subunit - 1 pt
Disk embedded in cristae membrane - 1 pt
Alpha/beta globes project into inner matrix - 1 pt
H+ protons spin F0 disk of c subunits - 2 pts
F0 disk spins gamma shaft - 1 pt
Gamma shaft is asymmetrical - 1 pt
Gamma shaft "bumps" two alpha/beta F1
complexes for each H+ - 2 pts
Conformational change from gamma bumps causes ADP +
Pi® ATP - 2 pts
Driven
by H+ chemi-osmotic gradient - 1 pt